Journal: Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology

Article Title: Assessment of safety of self-controlled repetitive trans-vertebral magnetic stimulation.

doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.09.016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. Experimental setup. A: Schematic illustration of the self-controlled repetitive trans-vertebral magnetic stimulation (rTVMS) and measurement of vital signs including blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2). Hand muscle activity was converted into trigger pulses for rTVMS. The output stimulus frequency was modulated by the level of muscle activity. B: Arrangement of stimulation sites on the back. Red dots indicate the stimulation sites where the center of figure- of-eight coil was placed or the upper edge of a round coil was placed. The mid-points between two successive spinous processes were selected as the site of simulation at the midline. The 3 cm lateral points to those defined above were also stimulation sites. L: Left, C: Center, R: Right. C: A sequence of experimental trial. A representative example of stimulus frequency of rTVMS (1st trace), hand muscle activity (2nd traces; a.u., arbitrary units), and right leg kinematics before (‘‘Off” in left black bar), during (‘‘On” in grey bar), and just after (‘‘Off” in right black bar) rTVMS. The intensity of rTVMS in this example was 60% of maximum output of the stimulator. The center of the coil was placed on the midline at the level of L2-L3. The participants were asked to control rTVMS by the hand muscle activity. Numerical rating score: NRS. D: Definition of technical terms concerning rTVMS.

Article Snippet: Stimulation was applied by a magnetic stimulator (Magstim Rapid or Rapid2; Magstim Co. Ltd., Whitland, UK) with a figure-of-eight (70 mm diameter of each wing [Alpha B.I. and Air cooled Coil]; Magstim Co. Ltd., Whitland, UK) or a round (90 mm diameter [90 mm Coil]; Magstim Co. Ltd., Whitland, UK) coil.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Sequencing, Control

Journal: Frontiers in medicine

Article Title: Ketone Bodies Improve Human CD8 + Cytotoxic T-Cell Immune Response During COVID-19 Infection.

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.923502

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 | Beta-hydroxybutyrate shifts human T-cell metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation enabling higher mROS production. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultivated for 5 days in RPMI containing 80 mg/dl glucose (NC) and supplemented with 10 mM D/L-beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). T-cell stimulation was performed through CD3/CD28 Dynabeads at a bead:cell ratio of 1:8. CD8+ T cells were isolated via magnetic cell separation. (A–D) Oxygen consumption rate [OCR] (A), basal (B), maximum (C) and spare respiratory capacity (D) were measured using a Seahorse HS mini Analyzer, n = 5 individual patient samples, each performed in 2–3 technical replicates. (E) Mitochondrial mass determined via MitoTracker green, indicated by MFI FITC in human CD8+ T cells, n = 12 individual patient samples. Histogram depicting exemplary change of MitoTracker green. (F) Quantification of mitochondrial superoxide production using MitoSOX, displayed as MFI PE in human CD8+ T cells, n = 11 individual patient samples. Histogram depicting exemplary change of MitoSOX fluorescence. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: MitoTracker Green FM (#9074, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, United States) was used for flow cytometric determination of mitochondrial mass (200 nM MitoTracker in the dark, 37◦C, 15 min).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Cell Stimulation, Isolation, Magnetic Cell Separation